More recently (2003), the term point-to-point telecommunications relates to fixed wireless data communications for Internet or Voice over IP via radio frequencies in the multi-gigahertz range. It also includes technologies such as laser for telecommunications but in all cases expects that the transmission medium is line of sight and capable of being fairly tightly beamed from transmitter to receiver. The Telecommunications Industry Association's engineering committees develop U.S. standards for point-to-point communications and related cellular tower structures.Online tools help users find if they have such line of sight.
In hubs and switches, a hub provides a point-to-multipoint (or simply multipoint) circuit which divides the total bandwidth supplied by the hub among each connected client node. A switch on the other hand provides a series of point-to-point circuits, via micro segmentation, which allows each client node to have a dedicated circuit and the added advantage of having full-duplex connections.
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